Male Infertility – Causes for Male Infertility

Causes of male infertility include overall health and certain physical or hormonal conditions that can affect delivery, quantity and quality of sperm. Generally, the first step in determining cause of infertility in the male involves semen and sperm analysis. Some causes of infertility in men include:

• Sperm abnormalities­: Size, shape, volume, and motility (movement ability) are important factors in male fertility.
• Infection: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or inflammation of the prostate or testicles.
• Varicocele: An enlarged vein in the man’s scrotum that can affect sperm quality.
• Hormone imbalance: Hormonal levels that are too low or high may cause a problem with sperm quantity or quality.
• Blockage of the sperm duct:­ The vas deferens transports sperm for ejaculation, and sperm will not reach the egg.
• Retrograde ejaculation: This causes sperm to travel backwards into the man’s bladder during ejaculation rather than out through the tip of the penis.
• Undescended testicles (cryptorchidism): If not corrected, this can lead to low sperm production.
• Injury or trauma: this can cause damage to the testicles and production of sperm.
• Problems with sexual intercourse: Psychological and/or physical factors may make intercourse difficult or impossible for some men, as can erectile dysfunction (ED), hypospadias, premature ejaculation, and painful intercourse.
• Cancer of the reproductive organs: Cancer can cause infertility, as can cancer treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy.

General Health Issuses

General health issues that affect male fertility can be caused by:

• Age: Older men may be less fertile.
• Diet: Body cells, including sperm cells, cannot function properly in an acidic and toxic environment. When the diet is nutrient poor and chemically loaded, the body eventually becomes toxic and disease follows. Specific issues include excessive caffeine intake and deficiencies in such nutrients as vitamin C, selenium, zinc, and folic acid.
• Lifestyle: Excessive stress, anxiety, lack of sleep, and exercise all adversely affect fertility. Infertility itself can sometimes become a long-term, discouraging problem, therefore producing more stress.
• Substance abuse: Alcohol or drug dependency can be associated with poor health and reduced fertility.
• Diseases: Those affecting reproduction can be infectious, such as STDs and viral infections like mumps, or they can be inflammatory, autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis. Certain conditions, such as diabetes, thyroid disease, Cushing’s syndrome, or anemia may affect fertility.
• Environmental exposure to pesticides and other chemicals: Herbicides and insecticides may cause female hormone-like effects in the male body and may be associated with reduced sperm production and testicular cancer. Lead exposure may also cause infertility.

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